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Atropa baetica
''Atropa baetica'' is one of Europe's rarest wildflowers.〔botany.cz/en/rarest-plants/〕 A close relative of the infamous Deadly Nightshade (A.belladonna) its specific name derives from that of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica,while its common name refers to the Spanish region of Andalucia - both designating the area in the south of Spain where it is most frequently encountered.〔Flora Europaea,Tutin T.G.,Heywood V.H. and Burgess N.A. pub. Cambridge University Press 2010 I.S.B.N. 0521154065〕 It is an attractive,perennial herbaceous plant bearing infundibuliform (i.e. funnel-shaped),yellow or greenish flowers and shiny,black berries.Like the other three (generally accepted) species of Atropa,it is an extremely poisonous plant,containing a variety of tropane alkaloids with anticholinergic,deliriant,antispasmodic and mydriatic properties. Although most populations of the plant are to be found in Spain,it is not wholly confined to the Iberian Peninsula of Europe,occurring also in certain localities in Morocco (e.g. the Talassemtane National Park) and Algeria in the Atlas Mountains (Rif and Tell Atlas ranges) of North Africa.The Rif and the Baetic System,which face each other across the Alboran Sea (which includes the Strait of Gibraltar),together constitute one of the finest of the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspots - rich in endemic species,of which Atropa baetica is a notable example.(For more on Ibero-Maghrebi,floral biodiversity (featuring what,in Spanish are termed 'Iberoafricanismos') see Cartagena, Spain,section 'Environment' subsection 'Flora').
== Description ==
Atropa baetica Willk.,Linnaea 25 : 50 (1852).
Perennial herb.Plant yellowish-green,glabrous;stems erect,fleshy,up to 125 cm in height,simple or branched above.Leaves alternate or opposite,simple,entire,lamina up to 13x7cm,densely crowded,ovate,shortly acuminate,cuneate at base,mucronate,subcoriaceous and longipetiolate.Flowers solitary,axillary,borne in July.Pedicels erect.Calyx campanulate,5-lobed,to 10mm,lobes apiculate,somewhat accrescent.Corolla infundibuliform,up to 25mm in diameter,twice as long as calyx,having lobes roughly equal in length to tube,green to yellow.Stamens subequal,inserted at base of corolla,exserted.Filaments tomentose at base.Anthers ovoid,pale yellow.Style long-exserted.Stigma peltate.Ovary with annular receptacular disc at base.Fruit a globose,shining,black berry,some 10mm in diameter.Habitat:shady,calcareous rocks and screes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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